The universe almost seems to have come out of nowhere: a concoction of high temperatures and a thick gloop of exotic particles, which would go into an overdrive of expansion through several phases of …

1.1 The Scale of the Universe a relatively small universe. This idea made sense at a time when understanding was b ilt upon everyday experience. After all, we cannot feel the constant motion of …

This chapter provides an overview of the Universe and the study of astronomy that will follow in subsequent chapters. You will look at astronomy from multiple perspectives, as a science, from an …

Solutions to Einsteins’ field equations for an homogeneous and isotropic Universe [Image from “The Cosmic Perspective” by Bennett et al.]

Using our own ingenuity, humanity is probing the depths of the Universe and trying to unravel its mysteries, from our tiny, home planet, Earth. The visible Universe contains billions of galaxies, each …

We are part of the universe. Creation of matter through primordial nucleosynthesis and formation of some astronomical objects, such as stars, blackholes, incidents such as supernova explosion are …

The universe as a whole has continued to expand ever since the Big Bang, but on smaller size scales the force of gravity has drawn matter together. Structures such as galaxies and galaxy clusters …