Tuberculosis (TB) causes more deaths in people living with HIV than any other disease, with more than 300,000 deaths in 2017. When detected, early TB can be treated effectively; however, people with ...

Urodynamic tests are used to examine the function of the bladder, sphincters, and urethra to store and release urine. There are various types of tests that may be needed, depending on the specific ...

A urine protein test measures the amount of protein in a urine sample. A doctor may suggest this test to help evaluate and monitor kidney function and potentially detect kidney damage. The kidneys ...

Urine tests measure specific substances in your urine, such as electrolytes, proteins, and bacteria. These tests can reveal a lot about your health, particularly when gradual changes or big jumps ...

A urine 24-hour volume test measures how much urine you produce in a day. It can be a helpful way to evaluate kidney function. The urine 24-hour volume test measures the amount of urine your body ...

The pH scale is used to measure the acidity of a fluid. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral, whereas a pH result below 7 is acidic and above 7 is alkaline. Urine has the widest ...