Silicon solar cells are highly efficient, converting up to 25 per cent of sunlight into electricity, but fabricating the silicon wafers, which need to be around 300 microns thick to absorb all the ...

Thin films play a crucial role in the fabrication of several components and devices, such as protective coatings, integrated circuits, solar cells, and optical ...

In the present state of the art, ion beam sputtering is used to produce low-loss dielectric optics. During the manufacturing of a dielectric layer stack, the deposition material must be changed, which ...

In in-line PVD sputtering systems, substrates are linearly passed beneath one or more sputter cathodes to obtain their thin film coating. This motion is facilitated by loading the substrates onto a ...