All patients with back pain should have a screening neurologic evaluation including motor function, perineal and lower extremity sensation, deep tendon reflexes, and Babinski reflexes. This brief ...

The lumbosacral joint, also called L5-S1, is a term used to describe a part of the spine. L5-S1 is the exact spot where the lumbar spine ends and the sacral spine begins. The lumbosacral joint ...

Far lateral disc herniations constitute 7–12% of all disc herniations. They may be purely far lateral or extraforaminal in location, located beyond the pedicles, or may include intraforaminal and even ...

A 33 year-old man developed severe low back pain radiating down the left leg. Examination showed an absent left ankle reflex and loss of sensation over the left lateral foot and posterior lateral leg.

Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), also referred to as a herniated disc, is a common spine pathology that occurs approximately 95% of the time at the L4-L5 or L5-S1 level (Fisher et al., 2004; Asch et ...