Beewolves, a genus of solitary digger wasps, harbor symbiotic bacteria in their antennae. These symbionts produce an antibiotic cocktail of up to 49 different substances that protect their larvae from ...

1. Introduction -- 2. Bee phylogeny, bee diversity, and the distinction between solitary and social bees -- 3. The solitary bee life cycle -- 4. Alternative male mating tactics : the race to be first ...

Some wasp larvae take sibling rivalry to a new level by routinely cannibalising their nestmates. Most wasp and bee larvae grow in individual brood cells within a hive. But solitary wasps like ...